Partial design process
Grade Level: 4 (3 – 5) Time Required: 45 minutes Group Size: 1NGSS Performance Expectations:
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In this activity, students review and evaluate the ways land is covered and used in their local community. They also consider the environmental effects of the different types of land use. Students act as community planning engineers to determine where to place a new structure that will have the least effect on the environment. This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).
When developing a new community, engineers design the growing area, ensuring minimal impact on the existing natural environment. Civil, transportation and architectural engineers concentrate on the safety, design and cost of new buildings, bridges, dams and roads.
After this activity, students should be able to:
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5-ESS3-1. Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth's resources and environment. (Grade 5)
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Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified and used to explain change.
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Each student should have:
Visit [ www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_environ_lesson08_activity1 ] to print or download.
Communities make land-use decisions every day; in fact, look around you and you will see the result of these decisions. A major challenge facing most communities, both rural and urban, is how to plan for continued growth given the impact that humans have already had and continue to have on the land. Can you think of an area near you where you can see community growth? How about a new neighborhood or apartment building that is being built? How does a community plan for this growth?
Engineers of many types play big roles in figuring out the best ways to develop a growing area or community without harming the existing community and natural environment. Architectural, civil and transportation engineers all focus on the safety, cost and design of new buildings, bridges, dams, roads and other structures. To work on new community projects, engineers must understand the land use that already exists in an area. With this information, they can recommend the best place to build a structure that will have the least negative effect on the environment. Essentially, this means choosing the area and/or design that will affect the least amount of animals, plants and people already living in the area and protect them from pollution and loss of food or habitat. We are going to try this today by acting as community planning engineers in our own community.
The terms land use and land cover (also known as the acronym LULC) are often used simultaneously to describe those maps that provide information about the types of features found on the Earth's surface (land cover) and the human activity that is associated with them (land use). For example, a place that is forested may be used for low-density housing, logging and/or recreation.
In some cases, both land cover and land use are mapped together. These maps are produced from remotely sensed data (satellite images and aerial photography) at scales that are amenable to planning, environmental assessment and development studies.
LULC Classification System
The USGS has developed a land cover classification system in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), the Association of American Geographers (AAG), and the International Geographical Union (IGU). This system is commonly referred to as the "Anderson Classification." The Anderson Classification system has nine general categories, and each category is divided into subcategories that convey additional information about the cover type. This standardization allows comparisons of land cover and land use to be made between different parts of the country/world.
Before the Activity
With the Students
Cause and Effect: Have students discuss causes of creating new buildings, bridges, dams, etc. in the community and the effects they have on the land and environment.
Prediction: Ask students to predict what percentage of the land represented on the map will fall into each category. Have them record their predictions on the This Land is Your Land, This Land is My Land Worksheet.
Activity Embedded Assessment
Activity Sheet: Have students follow along on the attached activity worksheet.
Community Planning Engineer: Ask the students to answer the questions at the end of the This Land is Your Land, This Land is My Land Worksheet. Remind students that they work for Green Communities Engineering Firm, which deals with community planning. They have been working to figure out where to build a new structure that will have the least effect on the environment. Have students consider where the best place to put the addition and mark it with a red X on their maps. They should explain why they chose to put it there.
Numbered Heads: Break the class up into teams of three to five. Students on the team should pick numbers so each member has a different number. Ask the students a question from the activity worksheet (give them a time frame for solving it, if desired). The members of each team should work together on the question. Everyone on the team must know the answer. Call a number at random. Students with that number should raise their hands to answer the question. If not all the students with that number raise their hands, allow the teams to work on the question a little longer.
If students go on a walking tour of the neighborhood, be sure to enlist the help of volunteers. Assign groups to an appropriate number of adult chaperones, and remind students to stay with their groups.
It will take some trial and error to get the map and the transposed grid just the way you want it, but it will be worth it.
Be prepared to help students understand that some squares may contain more than one color. For example, ½ may be yellow and the other ½ could be green. This will depend on the scale of your map and the type of area you live in.
Obtain a map of your area from 50-100 years ago. Ask ½ of the students to do a land use description of this map. Then pair the students (one with a historic land use plot and one with a modern land use plot). Ask them to compare and contrast the two. Ask them to describe what effects they think the development has had on the environment? Do they think the land was used wisely? Why or why not?
Instead of asking all students to do the same land area, divide the local map into sections and have each student plot and evaluate the land use for that map section. Place all the final land use diagrams together (as a land use map of the area) and display in your school with a key and a short analysis. See if you can get a land use map of your area and compare it to the one the class made.
Ask students to design their own communities (either urban, suburban or rural). Discuss the different arrangement needs of each.
For 3rd grade students, use a smaller number of larger squares on the grid (maybe 25 – 5x5). Simplify the map for their level of understanding (consider placing pictures on the map). Ask the students to cut and paste small pictures of houses, parks, stores, etc. on the grid instead of color-coding it. They can count the squares of each and create a bar graph (using the same cut and paste squares) instead of calculating percents.
For 4th grade students, do the activity as is.
For 5th grade students, use the percent data to create a color-coded pie graph.
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Upper Elementary Lesson
How Should Our Gardens Grow?In this lesson, students learn about types of land use by humans and evaluate the ways land is used in their local community. Students will assume the role of community planning engineers and will create a future plan for their community.
Middle School Lesson
Topo Map Mania!Students learn to identify the common features of a map. Through the associated activities, students learn how to use a compass to find bearing to an object on a map and in the classroom.
Glencoe Science: An Introduction to the Life, Earth and Physical Sciences, Student Edition, Blacklick, Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2002.
The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education and National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. 0338326. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Education or National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.
Last modified: June 1, 2021
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