Parenteral
This chapter gives an overview of parenteral dosage forms and the rationale for their use. Parenterals are sterile preparations that are injected intravascularly, administered into body tissues or into visceral cavities. The parenteral route of administration is often chosen for active substances that are poorly absorbed via the oral route or when rapid systemic availability and effects are required, or both. An introduction to the formulation and preparation of parenteral dosage forms is provided. Parenteral medicines can be formulated as solutions, colloidal dispersions, emulsions or suspensions. Products, such as implants and microspheres are only briefly discussed.
Knowledge about the specialties of parenteral products is a prerogative for the safe use of parenterals in- and outside the hospital. Therefore, strategies for the reconstitution and preparation of ready to administer medicines are described in detail. Special attention is paid to formulation, preparation, and quality control of parenteral nutrition admixtures. Finally, the administration methods of the parenteral dosage forms are described.
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Parenteral
Chapter © 2015
Commercial Parenteral Formulas and Nutrition Support Team
Chapter © 2014
Commercial Parenteral Formulas and Nutrition Support Team
Chapter © 2015
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Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Marija Tubic-Grozdanis & Irene Krämer
- Marija Tubic-Grozdanis